Introduction Microbes are small living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye, also known as microorganisms. They are only visible with the help of a microscope. They are abundant in number and are present almost everywhere on the Planet Earth. There are different types of microbes including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and protists. … Read more
Introduction The olive tree, also known as the “tree of eternity,” is an ancient Asian fruit crop with a documented history of 8000-6000 years. It thrives well in sub-tropical regions, preferring semi-arid, warm conditions. Olives thrive best in well-drained, fertile, deep, loamy soil with an alkaline pH, and can’t tolerate humid conditions. Olive belongs to … Read more
Introduction The pomegranate is an important fruit, also known as the fruit of heaven. It is native to Iran and the northwest Himalayas. Its tree thrives well in temperate and subtropical regions. The plant is drought-tolerant and requires hot summers and cool winters. However, continuous exposure to sub-freezing temperatures is not suitable for tree propagation. … Read more
Introduction Chemical pesticides used to suppress Fusarium wilt have raised issues with the environment and human safety. For the past 70 years, biological management of plant pathogens has been employed; yet, there are numerous conflicts around its efficacy. Because FWB is harmful, several researchers have gathered methods to regulate it, such as fumigation, which sterilizes … Read more
Introduction Panama disease, also called fusarium fungal wilt, is a soil-borne illness that endangers the development and productivity of a wide range of agricultural crops across the globe. Panama disease, often referred to as banana wilt (FWB), is brought on by an infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). There are four pathogenic races … Read more
Introduction Grapes are a significant horticultural crop with a rich history dating back to ancient times. Originating in the North-Western Himalayas, they have spread to North America, Europe, India, and Persia. Grapes thrive in various climatic conditions, requiring a hot and dry climate with optimum temperature (15–40°C) and rainfall (50–60 cm). They are propagated using … Read more
Introduction Apricots, also known as “the golden egg of the sun,” are a crucial fruit crop in dry temperate regions, originating from China and some indigenous to India. They thrive in Mediterranean climates, preferring well-drained, deep, and fertile soil with an alkaline pH. They can survive temperatures as low as 7°C but are sensitive to … Read more
