Introduction Stress is any external condition that negatively affects the growth, development, or productivity of plants. Stresses are generally categorized as abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stress refers to any stress caused by non-living units. These include drought, salinity, temperature, rain, heavy metals, etc. While biotic stress is a type of stress due to biological … Read more
Introduction Microbes are small living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye, also known as microorganisms. They are only visible with the help of a microscope. They are abundant in number and are present almost everywhere on the Planet Earth. There are different types of microbes including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and protists. … Read more
Introduction The olive tree, also known as the “tree of eternity,” is an ancient Asian fruit crop with a documented history of 8000-6000 years. It thrives well in sub-tropical regions, preferring semi-arid, warm conditions. Olives thrive best in well-drained, fertile, deep, loamy soil with an alkaline pH, and can’t tolerate humid conditions. Olive belongs to … Read more
Introduction The pomegranate is an important fruit, also known as the fruit of heaven. It is native to Iran and the northwest Himalayas. Its tree thrives well in temperate and subtropical regions. The plant is drought-tolerant and requires hot summers and cool winters. However, continuous exposure to sub-freezing temperatures is not suitable for tree propagation. … Read more
IBS and IBD Abdominal discomfort and alterations in bowel habits are the hallmarks of functional bowel disorders (IBS), where low-grade intestinal inflammation is partly caused by modifications in the normal gut flora. The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is linked to intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which promotes pathogenic microorganism adherence to the intestinal wall. IBS … Read more
Introduction Humans are surrounded by trillions of microbes, with the microbiome being the total of genes found in various locations in an individual’s body. The relationship between the human host and microbiota is symbiotic, with the host providing space, suitable conditions, and food for the growth of the intestinal microbiota, which in turn participates in … Read more
Blood Blood is a connective tissue. Its function is transport of gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones and enzymes. It regulates the PH and osmosis. It maintain body temperature and provide protection against foreign substances. Composition of blood It is composed of plasma and other formed elements. Plasma is 55% of blood and other elements are … Read more
